India’s agricultural sector has long been vital not only for domestic sustenance but also for feeding populations globally. In fiscal year 2024-25, India’s agricultural and allied exports rose to about USD 51.91 billion, showing steady growth despite global trade uncertainties. Rice stands out among these exports, with India shipping large volumes of both basmati and non-basmati rice across borders, while spices too contribute significantly (spice exports rose by nearly 5% in that period) to this export basket.
At the heart of this export success are millions of smallholder farmers who cultivate crops under challenging conditions. Factors such as unpredictable weather, limited access to cold storage and modern logistical infrastructure, and variable input costs make farming in India a complex endeavor. Nevertheless, recent government initiatives, increased investment in agri-tech, and improvements in supply chain efficiencies are helping to link farmers more directly to export markets. These improvements do not just benefit export volumes—they also ensure that quality and safety standards are upheld, preserving the nutritional and economic value of produce. For global food security, Indian farmers’ success in meeting export quality can help stabilise food supplies, reduce food scarcity, and deliver affordable nutrition in markets around the world.
